Where to Find a Company's SEC Filings (EDGAR Guide)

Every US public company files its reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the SEC publishes them for free in a database called EDGAR at sec.gov. You do not need an account.

Finding a company

Go to the SEC's EDGAR company search (search for "EDGAR company search" or open sec.gov and choose the filings search).
Enter the company name or ticker symbol. Results include a CIK, the company's permanent SEC identification number.
On the company page, you will see a list of filings, newest first.

Filtering to the right form

Use the "Filing Type" box to narrow the list:

10-K: the annual report.
10-Q: the quarterly report.
8-K: a report of a specific event. Earnings press releases are filed as an 8-K, usually under Item 2.02 with the release attached as Exhibit 99.1.
DEF 14A: the proxy statement, with executive pay and shareholder votes.
4: purchases and sales of shares by company insiders.

Foreign companies listed in the US file a 20-F or 40-F (annual) and 6-K (interim news) instead.

Opening a filing

Each filing has an "index" page listing its documents. The main document is the report itself, and other files are exhibits. Open the main document in your browser. Filings are long; use your browser's search (Ctrl+F or Cmd+F) to jump to terms like "results of operations," "segment," or "guidance."

Filing dates

Large companies file a 10-Q within 40 days of the quarter's end and a 10-K within 60 days of the year's end; smaller companies get longer deadlines. Earnings press releases usually come out first, days or weeks before the 10-Q. See 10-K vs 10-Q.

Other places

The company's investor relations website usually lists the same filings, plus presentations and earnings-call recordings.
Each report on this site links to the source filing, so you can compare any figure with the original.

Once you have the document, how to read a 10-Q explains where to look first.