Winchester Bancorp swung to a $4.4M profit in its first full year as a public company as deposit costs fell and loan yields rose, lifting net interest margin 50bp to 2.55% — but the 10-K discloses the bank is operating outside its board’s own interest-rate-risk limits by choice.
Overview
Winchester Bancorp (NASDAQ: WSBK) reported net income of $4.4 million, or $0.49 per share, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 — a swing from a $874,000 net loss ($0.10 per share) the year before. Almost all of the improvement is one thing: the bank's funding costs stopped rising while its loan yields kept climbing, and net interest income jumped 42.6% to $25.0 million.
This is Winchester's first full fiscal year as a publicly traded company. The Bank — a Massachusetts savings bank chartered in 1871 and operating a main office in Winchester plus four branches in Arlington, Danvers and Woburn, all in Boston's northern suburbs — completed a mutual holding company reorganization on April 30, 2025. In that structure, a mutual entity owned by the bank's depositors (Winchester Bancorp, MHC) keeps majority control while a minority stake is sold to the public. Winchester sold 3,997,012 shares at $10.00 for $40.0 million in gross proceeds, issued 5,112,457 shares to the MHC and donated 185,907 shares plus $400,000 in cash to a newly formed charitable foundation. The stock began trading May 2, 2025. That foundation gift — $2.3 million in total value, a $1.6 million after-tax charge — is what pushed fiscal 2025 into a loss, so part of this year's "improvement" is simply the absence of a one-time item.
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+42.6%
Non-interest (fee) income
$1.27M
$1.79M
−29.2%
Operating expense
$19.8M
$18.8M
+5.2%
Provision for credit losses
$0.79M
$2.07M
−61.8%
Pre-tax income
$5.72M
−$1.53M
loss to profit
Net income
$4.42M
−$0.87M
loss to profit
EPS (basic and diluted)
$0.49
−$0.10
loss to profit
Net interest margin (NIM)
2.55%
2.05%
+50 bp
Efficiency ratio
75.2%
97.2%
−22.0 pts
Return on average assets
0.43%
−0.10%
+53 bp
Return on average equity
3.74%
−1.08%
+482 bp
Non-performing assets / total assets
0.15%
0.23%
−8 bp
Non-performing loans / total loans
0.18%
0.29%
−11 bp
Total assets
$1.096B
$949.4M
+15.4%
Gross loans
$873.8M
$754.1M
+15.9%
Deposits
$809.2M
$679.2M
+19.1%
Book value per share
$12.96
$12.41
+4.4%
Net interest margin (NIM) is a bank's core profitability measure: interest earned on loans and securities, minus interest paid to depositors and lenders, divided by the assets that earn it. A 50 basis point (0.50 percentage point) move in one year is large for a bank this size.
Why the margin moved: assets repriced up, liabilities repriced down
The mechanics are unusually clean in this filing. Interest and dividend income rose $7.7 million, or 18.0%, to $50.4 million. Total interest expense rose $0.2 million, or 0.8%, to $25.4 million — essentially flat, despite the bank funding $120 million of new loans.
On the asset side, average loans grew $88.5 million (12.2%) to $814.2 million and the average yield on those loans rose 19 basis points to 5.38%. Management attributes the yield gain to two things: higher market rates repricing the book, and a deliberate mix shift toward higher-yielding multi-family real estate loans.
On the funding side, the average cost of interest-bearing deposits fell 29 basis points to 2.88%, which the filing credits to lower market rates. Certificates of deposit — the most expensive funding — cost 3.64% on average versus 4.17% a year earlier, even on a nearly unchanged average balance. Borrowing costs from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston fell 23 basis points to 4.13%.
That is the whole story of the year: a bank whose deposits reprice quickly benefited from the rate cuts that began in the back half of calendar 2025, while its loan book — full of recently originated, higher-coupon credit — did not give ground. Interest rate spread widened to 2.05% from 1.60%.
Where the loan growth came from
Gross loans grew $119.7 million to $873.8 million. The composition matters more than the total:
Loan category
6/30/26
% of loans
Change vs. 6/30/25
Residential real estate (1–4 family)
$405.3M
46.5%
+$47.6M (+13.3%)
Multi-family real estate
$212.6M
24.3%
+$45.9M (+27.6%)
Construction
$116.4M
13.3%
+$20.4M (+21.3%)
Commercial real estate
$106.6M
12.2%
+$4.3M (+4.2%)
Home equity loans and lines
$29.0M
3.3%
+$2.2M (+8.1%)
Commercial (business)
$3.9M
0.4%
−$0.5M (−10.8%)
Consumer and other
$0.17M
<0.1%
−$0.17M
Two-thirds of the growth came from multi-family and construction lending — the two categories with the highest yields and, in a Boston-area property market, the most cyclical exposure. Meanwhile commercial business lending, the category most banks use to diversify away from real estate, shrank to $3.9 million, or four-tenths of one percent of the book. Winchester is a property lender almost exclusively: real estate of some form backs 99.5% of the loan book, and everything that is not secured by property totals $4.0 million.
The residential growth came from a specific channel decision. The filing says the 1–4 family increase was "largely attributable to the expansion of our broker channel" — loans sourced through third-party mortgage brokers rather than the bank's own five branches. That is a faster way to grow than branch origination, and a less sticky one: broker-sourced borrowers have no other relationship with the bank.
Funding: a municipal deposit channel doubled money market balances
Deposits rose $130.1 million (19.1%) to $809.2 million, but the aggregate hides a sharp internal shift. Money market accounts rose $140.0 million, or 116.1%, to $260.6 million, which management attributes to "the strong performance of our newly established municipal deposit channel" — deposits from local government bodies. Against that, savings accounts fell $10.3 million (6.4%) and certificates of deposit fell $1.6 million.
Within CDs there was a second shift worth flagging: balances over $250,000 rose $32.1 million (32.5%) while balances under $250,000 fell $33.7 million (18.3%). So the deposit base grew, but it grew in larger, more rate-sensitive, more institutional chunks — municipal money and jumbo CDs — while the small retail balances that make a community bank's funding cheap and stable declined.
Winchester has an unusual mitigant here: every dollar of its deposits is insured in full, with the Massachusetts Depositors Insurance Fund (a private state insurer) covering balances above the $250,000 FDIC limit. That removes the uninsured-deposit run risk that damaged other banks in 2023, and the filing calls it a competitive advantage in winning exactly this kind of corporate and municipal money. It does not remove the price risk: municipal depositors move for yield.
Borrowings from the FHLB of Boston rose $11.2 million to $158.2 million to help fund loan growth.
Credit quality improved on every measure
This is the cleanest part of the report. Non-performing loans — loans the bank has stopped accruing interest on because repayment is doubtful — fell to $1.59 million from $2.21 million, or 0.18% of total loans. There were no foreclosed properties and no accruing loans 90 days or more past due, so non-performing assets and non-performing loans are the same number. Loans 30+ days past due fell to $1.5 million from $1.8 million.
Net charge-offs (loans actually written off, less recoveries) fell to $597,000 from $1,368,000; the prior year included a $1.3 million commercial charge-off. The provision for credit losses — money set aside against future losses — dropped to $789,000 from $2.07 million, and that decline accounts for $1.3 million of the $7.3 million pre-tax swing.
The allowance for credit losses stands at $4.8 million, unchanged at 0.55% of loans despite the 15.9% loan growth, with coverage of non-performing loans rising to 300.8% from 187.6%. Two caveats on that 0.55%: it is thin for a book weighted toward construction and multi-family, and the filing itself discloses that a 25 basis point increase in its qualitative loss-rate assumptions would lift the required allowance to $6.9 million from $4.8 million — a $2.1 million pre-tax hit, or roughly half a year's earnings. The reserve is adequate on today's assumptions and sensitive to small changes in them.
Costs: the offering brought a public-company expense base
Operating expense rose only 5.2% to $19.8 million, but that headline is distorted by the prior year's foundation donation sitting in "other" expense. Strip it out and the underlying cost base grew considerably faster:
Salaries and benefits +21.3% to $11.7 million, from "the addition of key staff in commercial lending and accounting, as well as the implementation of a new bonus plan."
Data processing +27.9% to $1.7 million, from new cash management, credit-loss and commercial credit software.
Marketing +58.9% to $734,000.
Other expense −24.9% to $3.7 million, which is the $2.3 million foundation gift dropping out.
A larger pension and post-retirement credit of $697,000 (versus $73,000) flattered the total by $624,000 — an accounting benefit from plan asset returns, not an operating improvement.
The efficiency ratio (operating costs as a share of revenue; lower is better) improved to 75.2% from 97.2%. That is genuine progress, but 75% is still high — a well-run community bank of this size typically runs in the low-to-mid 60s — and essentially all of the improvement came from the revenue line, not from cost discipline.
Fee income went the wrong way, falling 29.2% to $1.27 million. The decline is entirely non-operating: last year included a $374,000 gain on equity securities, and this year included a $317,000 loss on securities sales. Core customer service fees actually rose 6.2%.
Takeaway: The earnings recovery is real but it is a rate story, not an operating story — deposits repriced down 29 basis points while loan yields rose 19, and that alone produced most of a 50 basis point margin gain. The same positioning that delivered it is now a disclosed liability: the filing states that at June 30, 2026 the bank's projected losses from rising rates fell outside the board's own interest-rate-risk policy limits, and management chose to grant itself an exception rather than sell assets at a loss to comply.
The disclosure the filing buries: risk limits breached, exception granted
Item 7A contains the most consequential sentence in the document. Winchester models what happens to earnings and to the economic value of its equity under instantaneous rate shocks. At June 30, 2026:
Rate shock
Year-1 net interest income
Change
Change in economic value of equity
+300 bp
$20.6M
−27.8%
−33.1%
+200 bp
$23.4M
−17.9%
−20.1%
+100 bp
$26.0M
−8.6%
−9.0%
Unchanged
$28.5M
—
—
−100 bp
$29.6M
+4.1%
—
−200 bp
$30.4M
+6.9%
+4.8%
A 200 basis point rate increase would cut projected net interest income by 17.9% — worse than the 14.3% modeled a year earlier, meaning the bank became more exposed to rising rates over the year, not less. And then this: "At June 30, 2026, all estimated changes described above with respect to net interest income and EVE with respect to potential increases in market interest rates were not in compliance with the current policy limits established by the board of directors." Management's stated reason for not fixing it is that selling assets to come back inside the limits "would result in a significant loss that would deplete capital and, as a result, restrict future growth," so the asset-liability committee "voted to permit the exceptions to policy."
That is a defensible commercial judgment — realizing losses on low-coupon securities and loans to satisfy a model is genuinely costly — but it is also a bank running outside its own governance limits by choice, in a year when the very rate direction it is exposed to is the one it cannot control. Investors in a bank with a 2.55% margin should understand that the margin was purchased with rate risk that the board formally acknowledged it is not currently willing to hedge away.
Capital and what's next
Equity rose $5.2 million to $120.5 million, driven by $4.4 million of retained earnings and a smaller accumulated other comprehensive loss. Because assets grew faster, equity as a share of assets fell to 11.00% from 12.15%, and the Bank's community bank leverage ratio — a simple capital-to-assets measure regulators use in place of the full risk-based framework for smaller banks — fell to 9.63% from 10.48%. The Bank remains "well capitalized," with more headroom than the number suggests: effective July 1, 2026 the federal banking agencies cut the minimum from 9.0% to 8.0% and extended the cure period for falling below it from two quarters to four.
Management gives no formal earnings guidance. What the filing does commit to is continued growth funded by "an increase in core deposits and the continued use of FHLBB advances, as needed," with $118.8 million of additional FHLB borrowing capacity, an undrawn $5.3 million line and an undrawn $102.0 million Federal Reserve BIC facility available. No dividend is paid and none is signaled; there were no buybacks, which is standard for a newly converted thrift still inside its post-offering restriction period. There were 334 holders of record as of September 10, 2026, and the market value of stock held by non-affiliates was $37.6 million at December 31, 2025 — against $120.5 million of book equity, a reminder that the public float is a minority slice of a mutual-controlled company and that the MHC structure makes an acquisition of Winchester effectively impossible without the MHC's consent.
Our read on trajectory: the FY2026 margin gain is not repeatable at the same magnitude. It came from a one-directional repricing gap — deposit costs falling faster than loan yields — and that gap closes as the CD book finishes repricing. From here, earnings growth has to come from volume and from costs. Volume looks achievable: the balance sheet grew 15.4% and the municipal deposit and mortgage broker channels are both new and scaling. Costs are the harder problem, with a 75% efficiency ratio and a salary line growing 21% as the company builds out commercial lending and public-company infrastructure. The swing factor is rates. If the easing cycle continues, Winchester's own model says net interest income rises another 4-7%. If rates reverse, the bank is, by its board's own definition, over-exposed — and has said in writing that it does not intend to do anything about it.
Source: Winchester Bancorp, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, filed with the SEC on September 16, 2026.